Kelly will help Carroll, but not to the detriment of Reed. Kelly asks von Mansfelde to send him any worthy names for a Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography that he is compiling.

Walter Reed and Yellow Fever

This copy of Kelly's Reed biography is a 1906 first edition published by McClure, Phillips & Co. of New York. It was owned by Philip Hench, and contains autograph notes by him and others, mostly commenting on information believed to be in error. In addition to presenting a detailed biography of Reed, Kelly discusses at length the history of yellow fever, research on the disease, and the work of the Reed Yellow Fever Commission and its members. The book features several photographs of Reed, other members of the commission, and Cuban experimental sites.

Howard requests that Carroll send his papers on yellow fever to a professor in Indiana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

These documents solicit contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and also provide lists of members and contributions.

Carroll gives a history of yellow fever in Baltimore and the debates that ensued among physicians as to whether yellow fever was contagious or not. Published in “The Hospital Bulletin” by The Hospital Bulletin Company of the University of Maryland.

Blincoe sends Latimer the obituary of Laura Reed Blincoe, who was Walter Reed's sister.

Bushnell recommends physician Alexander Murray to Gorgas for service in Panama and explains Murray's difficult circumstances owing to his wife's illness.

Gorgas offers his opinion on the organization of the Sanitary Department in the Canal Zone. He also comments on his candidacy for the office of Surgeon General.

Gorgas informs Bushnell that his medical staff is full at present, but that he will consider adding physician Alexander Murray if there is an increase in staffing.

O'Reilly responds to Sterling's request for information about the career and promotion of Walter Reed. There is also concern about the article “The Public's Forgetfulness” which will be forwarded to the President. The record card is dated from May 5, 1906 to August 15, 1906.[Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas writes about the management of the Sanitary Department. He comments on his relationship with his superior officers in the government.

Thayer requests the names and ages of the two Lazear children for further pension efforts.

Emilie Lawrence Reed thanks Kelly for his biography of Walter Reed. She is highly complimentary.

Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Carroll will provide Kelly with letters for his biography of Reed. Carroll anticipates writing a defense of himself only if necessary.

Carroll gives Latimer permission to quote from letters that he provided to her. He objects to their characterization of his work after Walter Reed's experiments.

Carroll gives Latimer permission to retain his letters until the fall, and gives her references to journal articles.

Emilie Lawrence Reed thanks Latimer for a review of Kelly's biography of Walter Reed, and for her work with Kelly on the book.

This brief review, which appeared in the "Army Navy Journal," discusses Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Dr. Reed and Yellow Fever

Gorgas seeks advice on candidates for the Chief of Laboratory. He reports on the state of disease in Panama, noting a small pox outbreak and the absence of yellow fever since May.

Gorgas writes about a planned increase in the Canal Zone medical force, and encloses correspondence recommending physician Alexander Murray for service in Panama.

This article, which appeared in "Outlook," deals with Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Walter Reed

Gorgas writes about his reconciliation with Magoon, remarking that Magoon will probably recommend him as his successor in Panama. He also comments on the state of disease in Panama, noting that pneumonia remains primary problem.

Gorgas suggests that Finlay and Carter be nominated for the Nobel Prize. In the postscript, Gorgas writes an autograph note for Carter.

Gorgas discusses career and salary issues and concerns. Gorgas supports James Carroll for the Nobel Prize.

Kean informs Carroll that efforts are being made for Carroll to receive some substantial recognition for his services with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kean argues that Carroll deserves more recognition for his service. The last page includes Kelly's reply, dated September 10, 1906. Kelly writes that he will help to secure cooperation of Congressmen and write an article in support of Congressional action on behalf of the survivors and their families.

Carroll gives a detailed report about his involvement with the yellow fever project in Cuba and the necessity of having human volunteers. He also provides a listing of his publications. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas refers to his previous letter soliciting suggestions for the Chief of Laboratory. He offers additional names from which to choose. He mentions other departmental news, including the use of drugs and chemical compounds.

Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.

This review, which appeared in the "St. Louis Medical Review," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Carroll appeals to Kelly to consider Carroll's own statement of the facts concerning the responsibilities and actions of the Yellow Fever Board members. Carroll objects to Kean's version of the events and to Kelly's assertions in his book.

[Gorgas] writes about political maneuverings for staff appointments and promotions, and recognition for James Carroll.

This review, which appeared in the "Medical Press," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Carroll will meet Latimer to discuss Kelly's book. Carroll offers corrections, and states that Lazear's work is not given due credit.

Walter Reed and Yellow Fever

This review, which appeared in "The Journal of Insanity," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.

Taft is anxious for Finlay to work with Jefferson Randolph Kean on stamping out yellow fever in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Taft writes that Kean has been detailed to assist Finlay in stamping out yellow fever in Cuba.

Kean writes his first letter home to his wife after his arrival in Cuba. He describes where he is living and how he has set up his office, as well as sends greetings from many of their acquaintances living in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carroll requests that Latimer return his letters. He grants Latimer permission to copy or borrow them again.

Carroll thanks Latimer for the prompt return of his letters. He has discovered three more letters from Walter Reed and makes them all available to Latimer and Kelly.

Kelly requests his father's opinion concerning a name in his biography of Reed.

Carroll forwards to Kelly his account of the autopsy of the first fatal case in his yellow fever experiments.

Kelly's father writes that he is glad he has returned home.

Howard provides his recollections of Reed and the formation of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.

Kelly requests to see Reed's account of the experiments, which had been mailed to Howard. A plaque for Walter Reed at King's County Hospital, in Brooklyn, will be dedicated.

The decree states that a medical officer shall be assigned to each municipal board of health, serving as a liaison between municipal and military authorities, in the interest of preventing yellow fever among troops stationed in Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Ireland requests that Kean inform Valery Havard of yellow fever cases in Havana. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Howard sends Kelly copies of two letters from Reed.

Carroll forwards Kelly two photographs. He states that he will not attend the Walter Reed Memorial Association dinner in Brooklyn.

Reed wires that Moran is employed in Panama, and thus cannot accept a position in Havana.

Harvey is asked to attend, on behalf of the Corps, the dedication of the bronze memorial tablet in honor of Walter Reed at Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Carroll claims that Reed, Stark, Kean, and another unnamed man colluded to promote Stark over him. He believes this was because Kean was not appointed to the Yellow Fever Board after Lazear's death.

This is the program for an evening in honor of Walter Reed, who was once an intern at the hospital. The cover is autographed.

Dickenson proposes an alteration to the text of Kelly's book concerning Brooklyn Hospital. Dickenson provides a quotation from the hospital minutes of 1871 regarding Walter Reed's appointment.

Roosevelt, O'Reilly, and McCaw make statements about the value of the yellow fever experiments to humanity. A detailed history of the project is given, along with mention of all the individuals involved, including a listing of all the volunteers in the project. Numerous quotations are cited from various speeches and memorials dedicated to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Walter Reed Memorial

[Kelly] offers his views about the credit due Carroll. Kelly proposes to support Carroll's promotion on the basis of his merits alone without diminishing the role played by Reed.

Convening of Medical Legislative Council delayed; unable to meet recipient [letter incomplete].

Von Mansfelde agrees in principle with Kelly, but will not cease promoting Carroll. He suggests Kelly write the Secretary of Agriculture and Senator Dirk.

This article, which appeared in the "Medical Record," discusses efforts to erect a monument to Walter Reed.

The Walter Reed Memorial

Carroll requests the return of his letter describing a post mortem exam.

Major Kean (Slap) Works (Slap) To Rid Cuba (Slap) of Mosquitoes

The report argues in support of nominating Finlay and Agramonte for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

This document gives names and contribution amounts for the Kissinger Relief Fund.

This note encloses a contribution for Kissinger, and mentions the Outlook essay.

Carroll sends a note of gratitude for Kelly's letter to Secretary Wilson.

The Lesson of Little Things: The Conquest of Yellow Fever

These minutes include a discussion of the failure of Congress to pass a bill to provide financial relief to James Carroll's family.

Wilson writes to the Editor concerning the situation of Kissinger. She hopes that something can be done for him.

Roosevelt advocates establishment of peace and order in Cuba, and rejects the idea of a U.S. protectorate there. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The record card includes several requests for photographs or paintings of Reed, along with information regarding his uniform. The record card is dated from January 25, 1907 through August 15, 1907. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kissinger provides Wilson with his address and relates his circumstances.

This report concerns James Carroll.

Moran provides his autobiography, including his experiences as a participant in the yellow fever experiments.

Mason refutes the assertion that he used mosquitoes sent by Ames in his experiments, and that the mosquitoes Ames did send were worthless specimens. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Stewart praises Kelly's book. He suggests corrections for clarification, and notes that he would emphasize the role of the Public Health Service.

Mabel Lazear sympathizes with Carroll over his lack of pension, noting how difficult it was for her to receive support. She comments on Mansfelde's effort regarding credit due Lazear.

Fulton encloses an editorial proof from the Maryland Medical Journal in support of the Carroll pension bill.

Von Mansfelde comments on the work of Lazear and Carroll regarding the Yellow Fever Commission. He believes that Mabel Lazear and James Carroll should receive the same pension as Emilie Lawrence Reed.

Wilson relays Kissinger's situation to Kelly.

Kissinger requests an article on yellow fever experimentation from Kelly.

The telegram deals with the James Carroll's promotion to Major, and is then followed by a biographical article about him. [missing pages 1 - 3 of 5].

O'Reilly informs Meade that the Walter Reed Memorial Fund has increased Emilie Lawrence Reed's pension, that James Carroll has been promoted to Major, and that Mabel H. Lazear has been minimally compensated for her husband's work. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Kissinger writes about his improved finances, his ill health, and his gratitude for the many contributions.

Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support.

Rojas rents the lime kilns and quarries on his San Jose farm to Zunzunegui, who may occupy the two small wooden houses.

Ireland writes that the New York Merchants' Association will offer assistance to Mabel H. Lazear. Ireland also discusses Kissinger.

Dean writes about the financial and physical condition of Kissinger (a yellow fever experiment patient) and discusses a pension bill for him in Congress.

Watson writes that the New York Merchants' Association wants to work for a pension increase for her. He believes Lazear's work has been slighted.

Mead requests a financial statement so that he can continue working to increase her pension.

Watson writes about work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Watson writes that he is trying to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his continued support.

John Kissinger's back problems are limiting his activity.

Wallace sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Winifred Lyster sends a contribution for Kissinger.

A Hero from the Ranks

The article, which appeared in "Outlook," outlines Kissinger's contribution to the yellow fever work and appeals for financial contributions for his care.

Christensen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Minturn sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Morgan sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Dorothy and Wise send a contribution for Kissinger.

The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Getman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kleberg sends a contribution for Kissinger.

McKnight sends a contribution for Kissinger.

McCutchen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Duffield sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Chrystie sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Sherman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Sanford sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hall sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Rittenhouse sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Spooner sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hawkins sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Blackwood sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Ropes sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Penrose sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Ida Kissinger profusely thanks Kelly for the latest check and claims that his continued friendship is more important than the money.

This is a typed copy of a correspondence from July 6, 1907, but includes a financial statement at the bottom of the letter not contained in the original autograph version.

The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Gilman sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Morgan requests Kissinger's address and mentions the Shut-in Society, which provides wheelchairs to needy persons.

La Nacionalizacion de los Servicios Sanitarios.

Hinkle sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Otis sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Babcock sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kimball sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Jackson sends a contribution for Kissinger. Her husband knew Kissinger as a hospital attendant.

Senter sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Wingate sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Booth offers assistance to the Kissinger family.

San Magoon - El que Todo lo Puede.

Wilson sends a contribution for Kissinger.

The Editors of Outlook forward a contribution for Kissinger to Kelly.

Hall sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Keen sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Hamlin refers to the Outlook article on the Kissingers.

Wilson sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Gould sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Kennedy sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Bonham sends a contribution for Kissinger.

The mayor of Cienfuegos announces, in light of an outbreak of yellow fever, that all water containers must be brought up to code within 48 hours.

Denby makes a contribution to the fund for Kissinger. As a member of Congress, he offers to introduce a bill in the House of Representatives. Included at the end of the letter is a reply from [Kelly] to Denby, on September 4, 1907, thanking him for his contribution.

__________________________________________________

Questions of the Day

Only Three Soldiers Have Yellow Fever

Washington Gets Magoon's Report

The Zeal and Efficiency Shown by Our Medical Officers

Magoon Will Issue Sanitary Decree

Butcher sends a contribution for Kissinger.

The Cuban Side of It.

Decree Nationalizing Sanitation in Cuba

National Sanitation - Some Objections.

Carter's report on pneumonia in the Canal Zone concludes that pneumonia is prevalent among recent arrivals who have contracted infectious catarrh. He recommends that prevention efforts concentrate on better medical treatment of catarrh and ensuring that new men have blankets.

Ramos writes about the yellow fever work in Cuba. He encloses a table showing charting fatalities from yellow fever smallpox.

On Cuban Sanitation.

Osgood sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that Carroll has died. He discusses work to increase her pension.

Carroll thanks Kelly for his letter of sympathy. She will loan him a photograph of her late husband.

This document describes Carroll's various postings, beginning in September 1883, and includes evaluations of his performance by several commanding officers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

The Kissingers thank Kelly for his financial support. John Kissinger does not regret taking part in the experiment.

Kissinger expresses gratitude for the letters supporting him.

Cushing writes about plans to speak at a meeting in support of Jennie Carroll.

Carroll thanks Latimer for her sympathy. She notes additional speakers for the meeting at Johns Hopkins.

King comments on the Maryland Club meeting and thanks Hill for some literature on drainage.

Skinner writes that he will attend a meeting at the Maryland Club. He expresses his sentiments for Carroll.

Hill apologizes for his and King's absence from the Maryland Club meeting.

Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.

King honors Carroll and others. He lays emphasis on his contribution to national health. He supports a pension.

Arnold defends the reputation of Ross.

Donnally thanks Kelly for his fairness to Carroll.

Kelly discusses Denby's offer to initiate a pension bill for Kissinger.

Price writes about Carroll's experience in the military, particularly under the command of his father. He corrects misconceptions regarding his father's role in Carroll's career.

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support and notes that John Kissinger's health fails him at times.

King responds to questions regarding publications of the Philosophical Society. He makes reference to a Smithsonian Institution report.

Denby discusses strategy for introducing the pension bill for Kissinger.

This letter to Kean regards a variety of matters: 1) an additional case of yellow fever; 2) the acceptance by Dr. O'Bourke of an agreement regarding the Diagnosis Board; 3) an agreement by the author to report often; 4) personnel; 5) assurances by the author that he would keep the official objectives of the projects as a first priority, despite differences, and 6) the case of Rogelio Castro Rey. [In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

The author gives a status report on the work being carried out in Havana. He reports that homes have been fumigated, and an inn fined for a violation of sanitation ordinances. He laments the lack of resources available to complete projects and comments on the poor quality of materials. Finally, he reports a work-related injury.[In Spanish] [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kelly requests permission to publish a letter from Carroll stating that Guiteras refused permission to take blood for the yellow fever experiments. Guiteras responds - in a autograph note on the same document - that he had no authority to permit or prevent Carroll from proceeding as he wished.

Kelly discusses the conflict between Carroll and Guiteras.

Finlay discusses the creation and function of the Superior Board of Health, which included establishing new sanitary ordinances. He continues by discussing the two most severe outbreaks of disease in Cuba since 1901: smallpox and yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Lopez del Valle reports on the duties of the National Sanitary Board, which required all the local sanitary offices to submit to new rules of operation. He goes into great detail about all the various sanitary methods used throughout Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean sends Magoon the report of the Chief Sanitary Officer of Cuba for the past year and comments extensively on sanitation and the yellow fever.

[Latimer] thanks Denby for his efforts regarding the Kissinger pension bill.

Are Our Heroes of Peace Neglected?

Ross writes to Gorgas concerning the debate between Carroll and himself. He includes a note explaining his side of the story.

Ross writes to Kelly to clarify his position in regards to an unnamed incident involving Carroll. He stresses that Gorgas was the commanding officer at the time of the incident.

Ross explains his and Guiteras's position regarding Carroll.

Von Mansfelde requests a copy of the program for the Carroll Memorial Dinner and a copy of the letter von Mansfelde wrote Kelly regarding Carroll's promotion. Von Mansfelde adds that he is continuing to work for pensions for the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Por Decoro de la Administracion.

Interesante Entrevista con el Jefe Local de Sanidad, Doctor Mc. Millan.

Von Mansfelde discusses his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Mead, on behalf of the Merchants' Association of New York, expresses support for the Carroll and Lazear pension bills.

Ida Kissinger discusses John Kissinger's pension and thanks Kelly.

Gorgas confirms Ross's story concerning Carroll and Guiteras.

Kean discusses the present sanitary conditions in Cuba. He states that there has been a breakdown in sanitary procedures since the American withdrawal and recommends that local sanitation boards be abolished in favor of a National Sanitary Board. Kean writes that yellow fever is moving out to rural areas, instead of concentrating in urban centers. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This pamphlet details preventative measures against yellow fever, especially the control of mosquitos.

[Latimer] notes that Kissinger already receives a small annual pension.

This bill grants a pension to Mabel Lazear.

Von Mansfelde writes about his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

This is a bill for Mabel Lazear's pension. It credits Lazear with discovering the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.

The writer acknowledges the receipt of a letter concerning Kissinger's pension increase. Kelly awaits instructions for further assistance.

The Adviser requests information as to the depth of wells in which mosquitoes breed, so that ordinances may be revised and possibly some expense spared to the people in the towns of Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Hill comments on a strategy to lobby Congress for pension bills.

Dalzell will support an increase in Mabel Lazear's pension.

Booth notes the actions taken for Kissinger's pension and her attentions to the Kissinger family.

Denby inquires about Kissinger's existing pension.

The Merchants' Association of New York will work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

Von Mansfelde writes that he is working to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.

The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.

Mead writes about work to increase the pensions for the families of Lazear and Carroll.

Gorgas writes to Kelly that Ross, not Guiteras, was the director of Las Animas Hospital.

Thomas Lazear provides family news, and details pending action on the pension increase.

Hemmeter gives a chronological account of all the work done by Carroll with regard to yellow fever, and includes a series of letters written by Carroll to his wife, to Walter Reed, and to several others. Hemmeter attempts to rectify what he sees as a lack of proper recognition or reward to Carroll and his family for the part he played in determining the cause of yellow fever.

Mabel Lazear expresses appreciation for the play about her husband, Jesse Lazear.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

Von Mansfelde details his political maneuvering to get the pension bill passed.

This circular relates Lazear's role in the yellow fever research.

Mabel Lazear explains the breadth of support for her annuity from various groups.

Photo by US Army Signal Corps.

This list supplies the names of the members of the Committee on Pensions who might favorably view Mabel Lazear's request for an annuity.

This pamphlet contains letters bearing on yellow fever conditions in Cuba.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

This bill grants an annuity to Mabel Lazear.

The pension voted by Congress for Mabel Lazear is being opposed by a member of the Reparations Committee. Williams requests help in pressuring the committee in her favor.

Grateful Nation Pensions Widows of Fever Martyrs

This is an incomplete, hand-corrected draft of an obituary of James Carroll, written for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

Mead provides an update on the bill in the House of Representatives and the Senate to grant a pension to Mabel Lazear.

Flexner has copied one of Walter Reed's letters for Kelly.

Mead discusses a memorandum for President Roosevelt concerning support for the beneficiaries of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Von Mansfelde sends Mabel Lazear an update on preparations to pass a bill to support the widows and children of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Price thanks Kelly for submitting a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.

Price requests that Kelly make a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.

The Kissingers inform Kelly of their poor financial situation and John Kissinger's failing health.

Coville asks Kelly to write an obituary of Carroll for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

Kean cites a lack of support for sanitary measures by the Cuban authorities, and an increase in the incidence of yellow fever. He requests assignment of another medical officer to his staff.

[Morejos?] writes about mosquito eradication and other sanitary measures in various Cuban locations.

The Provisional Governor of Cuba grants Kean's request for another medical officer.

Hurd agrees with Kelly that Carroll's obituary overstates his accomplishments.

Gorgas is convinced that mosquito eradication is the only method to keep yellow fever from developing into an epidemic.

Von Mansfelde reports that the Senate Committee on Pensions voted favorably on the Lazear and Carroll pension bills. The House committee members also support the measure.

Von Mansfelde writes that politics are involved in procuring passage of the pension bills.

Coville thanks Kelly for writing an obituary of Carroll for the Washington Academy of Sciences.

Guiteras disputes Gorgas' theories about immunity to yellow fever and eradication of the disease.

William Lazear writes about buying skates, and Mabel Lazear informs Sweitzer that she is awaiting news on a possible increase in her pension.

The Committee on Pensions reports on a possible increase in the pensions of Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.

O'Reilly relays that no harm could result from delaying the date of the imposition of quarantine against Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Mead reports that the bill passed by the Senate will grant pensions to the widows of Lazear and Carroll.

Welch sends Mabel Lazear a check from Phipps. Welch hopes that the pension increase will pass the House.

Mabel Lazear writes that the pension bill has passed the Senate. She also relates family news.

Gorgas reports on work done in Cuba and Panama to eradicate yellow fever.

El Estado Sanitario de Cuba. Spanish translation of article, by Dr. Darlington, originally appearing in the “New York Daily News.”

Pillsbury writes to Senator Perkins in support of a pension increase for Mabel Lazear.

Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that he supports her pension and encloses a copy of the letter he sent to Senators Perkins and Flint.

Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that the members of the House of Representatives from California will do all they can to pass the Senate pension bill.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps

Thomas Lazear writes about the difficulties in passing a pension bill on behalf of the families of Carroll and Lazear.

Mead discusses the pension bills before Congress.

The Merchants' Association informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill passed the Senate by unanimous consent, but still needs the president's signature.

White thanks Kelly for the reprint of his address on Carroll.

O'Reilly confirms that his office has no objection to the approval of a bill that proposes increasing the pensions being provided for Jennie Carroll and Mabel H. Lazear. The letter is accompanied by a partial copy of Report No. 431 of the 60th Congress, which specifies the rationale for the proposed bill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Mead informs Mabel Lazear that the Dalzell Bill has passed both the Senate and the House.

The Bill awards pensions to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear from the War Department in recognition of their husbands' service in the yellow fever work.

This is a draft of the bill granting annuities to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.

Von Mansfelde writes that the president supports the annuity bill.

The Kissingers inform Kelly that they have moved to a less expensive house. John Kissinger's health continues to worsen.

The Merchants' Association informs Mabel Lazear that the president has signed the annuity bill.

Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that the president has signed the annuity bill.

Thomas Lazear writes that Representative Dalzell guided the pension bill through the House.

Thomas Lazear informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed.

The writer asks Wilmot to consider supplementing Kissinger's pension.

Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps

The extracts from Agramonte's report detail Beauperthuy's work with mosquitos as disease vectors. The extracts from Boyce's report [in French] also deal with mosquitos and their connections to yellow fever.

The Kissingers fear they may have offended Kelly.

Latimer writes about assistance for the Kissingers and possible strategy for applying to the Carnegie Fund.

Latimer agrees that Kelly and herself should stop supporting the Kissingers, but she still wants to find alternative sources of income for them.

The Paymaster General of the Army designates a payment schedule for the annuity of Mabel Lazear.

Mosquito Brigade Has Slain 234,678,548,876,234,789,432,623,734,816,212 of the Pesky Critters Wounded Number More Than 3,621,738,541,776,928,316,294,444,360,727,663,361,246,818

Von Mansfelde asks why he has not heard from Mabel Lazear.

The Kissingers are concerned that they have somehow offended Kelly.

Magoon urges Amesse to support an end to the quarantine of Cuba, arguing that there is no danger to the United States.

Agramonte describes his role with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are autograph notes by Truby and Hench.

Agramonte writes about a case of yellow fever he observed in Daiquiri, Cuba.

Sanitation in Cuba

The Chief Sanitary Officer details actions taken to prevent yellow fever.

Jennings gives a report of how Phinotas Oil affects the pupa stage in the immature mosquito. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Gorgas writes to O'Reilly concerning the administrative reorganizations in the Panama Canal Zone. He offers a political analysis of the situation.

Finlay discusses recent cases of yellow fever, in Santiago and Daiquiri, in order to quell rumors of massive outbreaks.

LePrince informs Gorgas of the efficiency of Phinotas Oil as a larvacide. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Gorgas sends Kean results of experiments on Phinotas Oil in exterminating mosquitoes. He encloses two letters from Joseph A. LePrince. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collection Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean suggests that a case of yellow fever was contracted not in Santiago di Cuba but in Daiquiri.

In this sworn statement, Agramonte details the Board's work on yellow fever. Agramonte asserts he began to discuss mosquito transmission in June 1900. A month later, the Board seriously began to consider mosquito agency and the Board then began its mosquito research. Lazear, because of his training in mosquito work, assumed leadership in the mosquito testing. Following Lazear's death, Agramonte carried out the breeding and infecting of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Thomason discusses a yellow fever patient, Manuel Casas.

Guiteras discusses his hesitancy to publicize yellow fever cases.

The New Quarantine

Kean protests against the American quarantine of all Cuban ports.

Guiteras reports to Kean regarding the possible yellow fever cases of Manuel Casas de la Mina and Jesus Torres.

Finlay outlines measures taken to ensure that a case of yellow fever, in Havana, does not develop into an epidemic.

Del Valle discusses yellow fever cases in Havana and sanitation measures.

Lebredo discusses the diagnosis of a possible yellow fever case.

Finlay discusses sanitation measures taken in response to possible cases of yellow fever.

Finlay reports on recommendations for prophylactic measures against yellow fever in Felton.

Agramonte is notified that his letter has been received and filed for future reference. Agramonte's letter of August 31, 1908, is included, testifying to the sequence of events in the work carried out by the Army Board on Yellow Fever. Included are two notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ernst seeks advice on the status of the Carnegie Hero Fund application for Kissinger.

Lopez del Valle describes the methods used to combat yellow fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases in Havana. The methods of covering all water deposits that might breed mosquito larvae are thoroughly discussed. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Barnet comments on the effectiveness of the National Sanitary Service, the problems of quarantine, and the general improvement of sanitary standards within Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay discusses the nationalization of the Cuban Sanitary Department, developments in sanitary procedures regarding mosquitoes and yellow fever, and the control of tuberculosis. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean submits the report of the National Sanitary Department, and states that yellow fever is presently exterminated throughout Cuba. Kean, however, claims that the U.S. is too harsh with the quarantine regulations imposed upon Cuba. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Welch is listed as having given a speech honoring Carroll. A bronze tablet memorializing Carroll was also unveiled.

[Kean] requests additional experiments using wire mesh as a mosquito control.

Guiteras writes that he will conduct further experiments using wire mesh and additional species of mosquitoes.

Latimer writes that it may be necessary to appeal directly to Andrew Carnegie himself on behalf of the Kissingers.

Latimer reports problems with the Carnegie Fund application.

Guiteras and Agramonte describe a case of yellow fever.

Ernst seeks Kelly's advice in order to organize a campaign in support of Kissinger.

Pilcher offers his recollections of Carroll.

The record card cites a request from Hunt for a copy of a photograph of Reed for use in a lecture “The Story of Two Mosquitoes.”

Keen requests information on all those who volunteered for the yellow fever experiments.

The report concludes that improved sanitation efforts between 1906 and 1909 left Cuba entirely free of yellow fever. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Magoon discusses the creation of the Nationalized Sanitary Department, which has caused the final extinction of yellow fever. He also mentions the violation of the quarantine restrictions by the United States. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Carter advises his wife on touring the countryside with Louise Kean.

Pilcher encloses a letter from Carroll, written in 1901.

Guiteras is thankful for the opportunity to study Kean's office records. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Finlay informs Kean that nothing has turned up to lessen the belief that Cuba is free of yellow fever, and reports of personnel changes in Cuba's Sanitary Department. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Ernst discusses difficulties involving Carnegie funding for the Kissingers.

This article discusses mosquito control efforts in Panama around the Canal Zone.

Gorgas describes the achievements of the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department.

This article, appearing in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," makes an appeal for monetary contributions to James Carroll's surviving family.

The Surgeon General's office sends a photograph of Reed to Purcell and refers him to Kelly's book. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

[Kean] informs Ellis about the military service of John R. Kissinger and gives details of Kissinger's participation in the yellow fever experiments. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for the photograph of his family. John Kissinger's health is improving.

The Junta Administradora del Hospital Santo Tomas (Administrative Board) recognizes the work done by Carter in the fight against yellow fever.

Gorgas would like Kean to inspect the hospitals in Panama in order to pass on recommendation to Torney so they can be used as instructional institutions. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

Kean details the methods the Sanitary Inspectors used in Cuba to combat yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Gorgas asks Kean if he would like to assist in writing a book on tropical hygiene. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

More Pension for Mrs. Reed

Fiction and Yellow Fever. Charles Brockden Brown, the Father of Our Novelists, and His Lurid Stories

Carter, Jr., reports that he has been reassigned to Ancon hospital.

This extract, by Guiteras, discusses Finlay's work on yellow fever and his association with the U.S. Yellow Fever Commission.

Agramonte informs Kissinger that he has written to members of the United States Congress on his behalf.

This document describes in detail the appointment and work of the Yellow Fever Commission and includes an autographed note by Kean.

[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.

This bill proposes a statue and tablet to honor the members of the Yellow Fever Commission.

Trying to Reward a Great Hero

Guiteras informs the Surgeon General that they have seemingly overlooked the work of Taylor when listing those involved with the yellow fever investigation, and urges him to have Taylor's name included.

[Caverico] compliments Kelly on his book, "Walter Reed and Yellow Fever."

The Surgeon General requests more information from Guiteras on Taylor. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]

Taylor writes that the mother of Clara Louise Maass is receiving a pension. [Courtesy of The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library]

This article deals with disease in the tropics.

Carter describes his travels in Belgium and his impressions of the Exposition.

Carter describes his travels in Germany and Russia.